The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys and produce hormones important for body function. These glands are divided into two parts: the inner part is called the adrenal medulla, and the outer part is called the adrenal cortex. Importance The adrenal cortex secretes hormones essential to life. These hormones affect the body's metabolism, the chemicals in the blood and some body characteristics. Glucocorticoid Hormones Glucocorticoids affect metabolism, inflammation and the immune system. Cortisol, which controls the body's use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, is a glucocorticoid hormone. Mineralocorticoid Hormones Mineralocorticoids regulate mineral and water balance. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that affects sodium excreted into the urine, maintaining blood volume and blood pressure. Sex Hormones The adrenal cortex produces small amounts of progestins, androgens and estrogens, but most of these hormones are produced elsewhere in the body. Adrenal Cortex Destruction When at least 90 percent of the adrenal cortex is destroyed, the result is adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), a life-threatening disease.
